![]() ![]() 10 However, submariners are concurrently exposed to various environmental risk factors that can affect their health status, such as their confined work environment, physical inactivity, excessive caloric intake, circadian disruption and isolation from family during deployment. Thus, submariners are considered a relatively healthy group at the time of their recruitment. Among military personnel, submariners are a unique population because they complete a specialised selection process and training to ensure that they can perform their demanding duties. Military personnel are often relatively young people who undergo physical training and military drilling before deployment. 7 A recent study found that >50% of people with multiple medical conditions were <65 years old, 8 which indicates that multimorbidity should be investigated in populations with a broader age range. Therefore, most multimorbidity research has been performed among older populations, 3 6 although multimorbidity is not just an issue for elderly people. ![]() 3 With increasing life expectancy and an ageing population, 4 multimorbidity has become an important public health issue 5 because elderly people are likely to have multiple co-existing medical conditions. ![]() Multimorbidity (the co-existence of ≥2 long-term diseases or medical conditions in one person) is associated with increased medical expenditure, 1 decreased quality of life 2 and higher mortality. ![]()
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